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Adrenals

Adrenal Gland

Layer of Adrenal and its Shape

  1. Cortex

    Zona Gloumerulosa = Like bulbs of Kidney Zona Fasicularis = Row like Cells Zona Reticularis = irregular arrangement

    hormones produced in Smooth ER , only protein in RER

  2. Medulla

    RER as protein hormones

Hormones of Adrenal Gland

graph TD
    subgraph Cortex
    X[Salt - Mineralocortcoids ] -.-> Y[Sweet -GLucocorticoids];
    Y -.-> Z[Sex- Gonadocorticoids];
    end
    subgraph Medulla
    XX[EPI/Nor-EPI];
    end

Blood Supply

Adrenal Glands

graph TD
    X[Supra renal Artery] ==> X1[Adreno-Cortico Sinusoid];
    X ==> X2[Medullary Arteriole];
    X1 ==>|orginates from Medulla| Y[Supre-Renal Vein];
    X2 ==> Y

1.Zona Glomerulosa

graph TD
    subgraph Glomerulosa cells 
    j[Cholestrol];
    j1[Cholestrol Desmulose];
    j --> j1 
    j1 --> j2[Pregnalone];
    j2 ==> j3[Aldosterone synthase] 
    j3 ==> j4[aldosterone]
    end
    j4 ==>|hyper-secretion of Aldosterone| j4a{Conn's disease};
    j4x[ACTH hyper-secretion]==> j4b{Addison's Disease<ul>Adrenal Insufficiency </ul>}
    A[ATCH] -.->|+ stimulate| j1
    B[Angiotension] -.->|+| j3
    C[Cholestrol] ==> j

2.Zona Fasiculata

graph TD
    subgraph Glomerulosa cells 
    j[Cholestrol];
    j1[Cholestrol Desmulose];
    j --> j1 
    j1 --> j2[Pregnalone];
    j2 ==> j3[Aldosterone synthase] 
    j3 ==> j4[aldosterone]
    end

    A[ATCH] -.->|+ stimulate| j1
    B[Angiotension] -.->|+| j3
    C[Cholestrol] ==> j

    subgraph Fasiculata
    A1a[Pregnalone] ==>|from Glomerulosa| B2[17-Hydroxypregnenolone];
    B2 ==>B3[17-Hydroxyprogesterone];
    B3 ==> B4[11-Deoxycortisol];
    B4 ==>B3x[cortisol];
    end
    B3x ==>b3xx[hyper-secretion];
    b3xx ==>|increased ACTH | B3xb{Cushing's Disease}
    b3xx ==>|Fasiculate tumour| B3xa{Cushing's syndrome}
    j4x[ACTH hyper-secretion]==> j4b{<ul>adrenal insufficiency</ul>Addison's Disease}
    j2 -.-> A1a

3.Zona Reticularis

graph TD
    subgraph Glomerulosa cells 
    j[Cholestrol];
    j1[Cholestrol Desmulose];
    j --> j1 
    j1 --> j2[Pregnalone];
    j2 ==> j3[Aldosterone synthase]
    j3 ==> j4[aldosterone]
    end
    A[ATCH] -.->|+ stimulate| j1
    B[Angiotension] -.->|+| j3
    C[Cholestrol] ==> j

    subgraph Fasiculata
    A1a[Pregnalone] ==>|from Glomerulosa| B2[17-Hydroxypregnenolone];
    B2 ==>B3[17-Hydroxyprogesterone];
    B3 ==> B4[11-Deoxycortisol];
    B4 ==>B3x[cortisol];
    end
    j2 -.-> A1a

    subgraph Reticularis
    B2 -.->|17,20 lyase| b2x[DHEA];
    b2x ==>| 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase| b2b3x
    B3  -.->|17,20-lyase| b2b3x[androtestostrone]
    end

Medulla

Post Ganglian neural cells aka Chrommaffin cells

Impulse from Pre-Synaptic ganglion to Chromaffin cells ==> Release Hormone - Secrete Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

graph TD
    subgraph Medulla 
    X[Tyrosine] ==>|tyrosine Hydroxylase| X1[L-DOPA];
    X1 ==>|L-DOPA decarboxylase| X2[DOPA];
    X2 ==>|Dopamine Beta-hydroxylase with CU2+| X3[Nor-EPi];
    X3 ==>|SAM| X4[Epinephrine];
    end
    Y[Hyper secretion of Epi/Nor-Epi] ==>|tumor of Chromaffin cells| Y1{Pheochromocytoma};