Congenital Defects¶
- Congenital Defects
- Association of Each Congenital Defects
- Ventricular Septum
- Eisenmenger Syndrome
- Atrial Septal Defect
- Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Transposition of Great Vessels
- Treatment
- Trunchus Arteriousus
- Tricuspid Valve Stenosis
- Co-aortation of Aorta
- Types
Association of Each Congenital Defects¶
| Defects | VSD | ASD | PDA | Tetralogy of Fallot | Transposition | Trunchus | Tricuspid Atresia | Co-artation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Associated | Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | Ostium Perinium Down Syndrome | Congenital rubella | Maternal Diabetes | Turner Syndrome | |||
| Features | M/C Congenital defect | S2 split (Pulmonary artery filling delay) | Indomethacin for txt | Boot leg appearance,squat | Maintain PDA |
Ventricular Septum¶
- LV to RV shunt => Pulmonary hypertension => Hyper plastic Atherosclerosis => RV to LV shunt
- Right to Left shunt leads to => Eisenmenger syndrome
Eisenmenger Syndrome¶
- De-oxygenated blood in circulation
- Kidney low O2 => EPO => Polycythemia
- Clubbing of nails (Low O2 to nails)
Atrial Septal Defect¶
- Initially LA(High pressure) to RA (low pressure) => More blood to Pulmonary Artery => Splitting of S2 sound Through the Heart different from Physiological split during expiration
- Risk of DVT escaping Pulmonary Artery(DVt from leg travel venous circulation => Right Atrium =>Due to ASD => RA to LA => Systemic Circulation => Stroke )
Patent Ductus Arteriosus¶
- lower Extremity Cyanosis(As PDA lies after Brachial arch)
- Indomethacin (stops PDE ),closes PDA
Tetralogy of Fallot¶
- Pulmonary Stenosis Determines Severity of Diseases (Blood from RV fails to enter PA due to stenosis )
- VSD (blood from RV enters VSD into LV)
-
Overriding Aorta (De oxygenated blood from RV into aorta) => Early Cyanosis
-
during Severe Cyanosis kids Squat => High TPR from Squatting => increase in Aortic Pressure => Blood into RV via VSD => Blood into Lungs => Oxygenation of blood
- Boot shaped heart (Aorta overriding)
Transposition of Great Vessels¶
Transposition = change in position Great Vessels = Aorta and Pulmonary Artery
Treatment¶
- give PGE (connect )
Trunchus Arteriousus¶
Failure for Formation of Aorta and Pulmonary Artery
- early cyanosis
- De-oxygenated blood from RV into Aorta
Tricuspid Valve Stenosis¶
- Tricuspid Valve @ Right Side Stenosed
- Right Ventricle Atresia
- And Presence of ASD
- early cyanosis(De-oxygenated Blood from RA due to Tricuspid valve & ASD presence => de-oxygenated blood Stenosis into LA )
Co-aortation of Aorta¶
Thinning of Aorta at Particular region
Types¶
| Infant | Adult | |
|---|---|---|
| Location | *Between Aortic arch and PDA | After Aortic arch ,PDA regressed naturally |
| Association | Turner Syndrome | |
| Symptoms | Early cyanosis | Upper extremity HTN,Lower extremity Hypotension |
| Collateral Circulation | PDA | Develops from Aortic arch to after Coartation => Notching of ribs(new vessels compressing vertebral arteries |