Cell injury

graph TD
    subgraph Cell Injury 
    X[Cell injury];
    X1[Hypoxia]
    X2[Trauma]
    X3[Inflammation]
    X4[Genetic]
    X5[Nutritional Deficiency];
    end

    subgraph Hypoxia
    X1 ==>X1a[Ischemia] & X1b[Hypoxemia] 
    X1a ==> X1a1[Obstruction of Artery or Vein];
    X1b ==>|:octicons-arrow-down-24: Oxygen in the blood| X1b1[High Altitude] & X1b2[ALveoalr Problems] & X1b3[Hemoglobulin Problems]
    X1b1 ==> X1b1a[:octicons-arrow-down-24: oxygen in Air concentration 
    leads to :octicons-arrow-down-24: oxygen diffusion in lungs]
    X1b2 ==> X1b2a[DIsease like COPD,
    increases the CO2 concentration];
    X1b3 ==> X1b3a[Anemia] & X1b3b[CO poisoning] & X1b3c[Free radical injury ];
    X1b3a ==> X1b3a1[Normal Fao2,PAo2,PaO2,SaO2,as all HB is filled with O2,
    Hypoxia due to :octicons-arrow-down-24: HB volume];
    X1b3b ==> X1b3b1[CO has high affinity to bind to HB than O2.
    leads to :octicons-arrow-down-24: Sao2];
    X1b3c ==> X1b3c1[Oxygen free radicle steal electrons from Fe2+ to Fe3+,
    leads to no Oxygen binding, :octicons-arrow-down-24: Sa02];
    end

    X ==> X1
    X ==> X2;
    X ==> X3;
    X ==> X4;

Effects of Hypoxia

1. No ATP

graph TD
    X[Hypoxia] ==> X1[No Krebs cycle];
    X1 ==> X1a[ATP deficiency];
    X1a -.->|activation of | XX[GLycolysis]
    XX -.->|accumulation of LActacte| Xx1[LActic Acidosis];
    X1a -.-> X1a1[Na/K pump not functioning];
    X1a1 ==> X1a1a[Na accumulation inside the cells];
    X1a1a ==> X1a1a1[Water into cell];
    X1a1a1 ==> X1a1a1a[Swelling of Cell]
    X1a1a1 ==> X1a1a1ab[detachment of Ribosomes from RER]
    X1a1a1ab ==> Y[Absence of Protein Synthesis];
    X1a -.->|failure of Ca+ pump| X1a2[Accumulation of Ca2+ inside the cell];
    X1a2 ==> X1a2a[Activation of Enzymes];

    subgraph Reversible injury
    X1a1a1a ==>|removal of Stress| z
    Y ==> |removal of Stress| z[Back to Normal ]
    end
    subgraph Irreversible Injury
    X1a2a ==> c22[Lysosomal enzyme activation]
    X1a1a1a ==> c33[Leakage to Cytoplamic contents];
    end