Amyloid

Protein deposited at Extracellular MAtrix -> Damage to cell and Cell death

Diagnosis

Congo red staining Apple-green Bifringence under Polarized light

Systemic Amyloidosis

graph TD
    X[AMyloidosis] ==> X1[Primary] & X2[Secondary]
    X1 ==> X1a[AL- Light Ig Chains Deposition]
    X1a ==> X1ab[Plasmacell Abnormality]
    X2 ==> X2a[AA Amyloid deposits];
    X2a ==>|Acute Phase Reactants| X2ab[CHronic Inflammation -Autoimmune Disease]

Region of Deposis

1. Kidney
2. Heart (Restrictive Cardiomyopathy)
3. Tongue
4. Bowel Thickning
5. Liver and Spleen

Diagnosis

1. Tissue Biopsy(Abdominal fat)

   Add Congo Red stain

Treatment

• Amyloid Cannt be removed

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Localised

Deposited at one region only

1. Senile Cardiac Amyloidosis

   Non Mutated Serum Trans-thyrein ,Asymptomatic

2. Familial Amyloid Cardiomyopathy

   Mutated Serum transthyrein, Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

3. Type 2 DM

   Amylin deposition on Pancreas Islet

4. Dialysis Associated

   Deposition of B2 micro-globulin of MHC-1 in joints due to inability to filter in Dialysis

5. Alzheimer's Disease

   From Beta amyloid precursor protein of Chromosome 21 , A-Beta amyloid deposition > Down Syndrome with Extra Chromosome 21, higher risk of Alzheimer's

6. Medullary Carcinoma

   Calcitonin deposits within tumour