Function of Kidney

1. Acid -base balance 
2. FIltration
3. Erythropoietin,Maintaing BP
4. Bone maintaining

Types of DIalysis

1. Hemodialysis (blood drawn to clean)
2. Peritoneal Dialysis (dialysis fluid is added to peritoneal cavity and dirty fluid is removed

When Dialysis is needed

"AEIOU'
A - Acidosis
E - Electrolytes (hyper-kalemia)
I - Intoxifications
O - volume overload 
U - elevated urea

Stages of CKD

Normal GFR 120ml/min G1 - kidney damage normal GFR greater than or equal to 90ml/min G2 (89-60) - kidney damage with mild decreased GFR G3 (59-30) - MODERATELY REDUCED GFR G4 (29-15) Severly reduced G5 (less than 15) kidney failure

graph LR 
    A[GFR less than 29];
    B[acidosis,:octicons-arrow-down-24: HCO3-];
    C[hyperkalemia];
    D[elevated BUN];
    E[volume overload];
    F[ need dialysis]
    A --> F;
    B --> F;
    C --> F;
    D --> F;
    E --> F;

Principal of dialysis

- Simple Diffusion
- High fluid volume removal --> Convection (high pressure to :octicons-arrow-down-24: pressure ) cause solutes to dragged along fluid .

Segments of Hemodialysis machine

1. Blood circuit 
2. Diasylate circuit

Blood Circuit

graph TD
    A[arteial blood in];
    B[sample collection port,saline infusion port];
    C1[Pressure moniter];
    C[Pump];
    D[heparin injection port];
    X[diasylate circuit];
    E[air trap];
    F[venous pressure moniter];
    A -->B;
    B --> C1;
    C1 --> C;
    C --> D;
    D --> E;
    E --> F ;

Diasylate circuit

graph TD
    A[dialysis solution ]
    B[dialysis filter]
    C[outf:octicons-arrow-down-24: container]
    A --> B ;
    B --> C;